Becoming a profitable company can feel like an elusive goal for many startups, and most aren’t fortunate enough to make it to that level. But, for the companies that do get there, there are significant new opportunities, some new challenges and many internal changes to expect.
Before I dive deeper into the topic, it’s worth noting that there are many different ways of defining profitability: being cashflow positive, having positive EBITDA or having positive contribution margins. For investors and executives, each may be useful in different scenarios, but for the purposes of this piece I’ll use “cashflow positive” as the key metric: The business in total is generating more cash than it spends during a given period, which results in a steadily growing amount of cash in its bank accounts.
Related: How to Know If Your Tech Startup Is on the Path to Profitability — or Not
Profitability means not having to raise more money. Or does it?
The single biggest change post-profitability is a difference in thinking Another reason a profitable company might take in more cash is to bring in the expertise, advice or relationships important for the next phase of the company’s growth. Take AppLovin, for instance, a company that was recently acquired Related: Why You Should Ignore the Success of Facebook and Uber
One of Norwest’s portolio companies, Sojern, the travel marketing platform, has decided, for now, not to raise further capital since turning profitable in late 2015. CEO Mark Rabe says, “Building our business to support profitability has allowed us not only to accelerate RD investment and new market development, but also to attract and retain top talent through expanded employee benefits like 401(k) matching.”
Sojern has also seen strategic planning changes after achieving its goal of profitability. Rabe notes a “subtle but powerful shift” in the relationship with its board of directors. “Board meetings transformed from being focused on key performance metrics and cash planning into a forum for exploring long-term strategies and the initiatives As the profitability mindset starts to take hold, companies enter new danger zones. The excitement of generating cash can create a feeling of invincibility or entitlement which, in turn, can lead to risk-prone decision-making. Examples might be ramping up headcount too quickly, spending on brand marketing programs that don’t immediately turn into new customers or signing a new lease on that gleaming showcase office space.
What Silicon Valley investors have learned, painfully in some cases, is that when a business hits a bump in the road, loses a major customer or has a product misstep, it may have to cut costs dramatically and quickly. Some operating expenses (“OpEx”), like marketing spend, can be cut quickly, with cash freed up right away. Others can be implemented quickly but take some time to show an impact on cash, particularly the difficult decision to go through layoffs. Longer-term capital expenditures (“CapEx”) can take years to correct and realize savings. Dramatically increasing OpEx or CapEx on things like equipment or facilities can not only push a company back into being unprofitable, they also take away the flexibility to quickly fix problems in the business later.
Related: The 15 Most Profitable Small-Business Industries
Learn how to allocate profits smartly.
Executive teams and boards should start to think of allocating earnings between offense and defense. Profitable companies may shift offensive priorities quite a bit based on being able to undertake those efforts without debt or dilution if they can be funded purely from earnings. Defensive initiatives, however, are the new factor for profitable companies, and typically means strengthening balance sheet reserves for future needs As for offense, investing to further increase the customer base can be wise, but Boston-based CarGurus draws an important distinction between broad-appeal brand marketing and targeted customer acquisition spending. Profitable for eight years, CEO Langley Steinert recently told Xconomy that he chose to reinvest some of its earnings — pragmatically — into performance-based marketing instead of a big branding and PR blitz. “We could’ve invested in the brand earlier,” he said. But, “I sleep better at night knowing we’re profitable.”
Sojern’s CEO Mark Rabe wanted to encourage his employees to think about profitability in the same way he did and, together with the board, decided to shift the company bonus plan from being based on revenue targets to one based on EBITDA. “The goal wasn’t to just touch the profitability line, but to stay permanently on the other side of it.”
Related: Don’t Wait Until the End of the Game to Start Keeping Score
Even after profitability, a healthy balance sheet is your biggest asset.
There’s no doubt about it: Hitting profitability marks a major coming of age moment for startups. Your customers are paying for value that your business is creating for them, and, importantly, that value is now greater than the cost for you to deliver it.
For investors, sustained profitability marks the point at which a company can be viewed as a legitimate business rather than just a concept, and reinforces the notion that betting on it was a smart move. For executives, this is the point when they can leave behind some of the anxiety of raising more money, and begin to get creative with their paths to strategic growth.
But, disciplined spending remains critical to ensuring that the company stays profitable and continues to improve its balance sheet. At the end of the day, the unglamorous balance sheet is the most important resource a company has for sustaining new business headwinds, competitive threats and macroeconomic cycles.